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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED : To provide a novel rare earth ion separation agent capable of remarkably enhancing separation performance regarding mutual separation of rare earth ions having close atom numbers compared to a precipitation separation method or a solvent extraction method which are conventional methods, and a separation recovery method of rare earth ions using the same. SOLUTION : By adding a polydentate ligand compound having both of an amide group and a heterocyclic nitrogen to a solution in which two or more kind of rare earth ions are dissolved, two kinds of different rare earth complexes are formed by an element of smaller atom number and an element of bigger atom number than a specific ion size as a boundary, and only one of two kinds rare earth complexes is separated and recovered by adding an unidentate ligand compound having an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom as a ligand atom to the rear earth complexes. SELECTED DRAWING : Figure 1 COPYRIGHT : (C)2019, JPO&INPIT