MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY WITH ENHANCED START-UP AND SHUT-DOWN DURABILITY

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A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) (108) includes a membrane (114), a cathode catalyst layer (110), a cathode co-catalyst layer (116) including a hydrogen reservoir, an anode catalyst layer (112), and an anode co-catalyst layer (118) including a hydrogen reservoir. The anode co-catalyst layer (118) and the cathode co-catalyst layer (116) cap a cathode potential at lower than 1.5V and an anode potential at lower than 1.0V. The anode co-catalyst layer (118) and the cathode co-catalyst layer (116) can include a platinum doped rare earth oxide, such as platinum doped cerium oxide.