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Provided is a dosimeter capable of reading out a dose multiple times and excellent in biological tissue equivalence, and a radiation measuring method using this dosimeter. The dosimeter includes a detecting element containing magnesium oxide and a dose measuring system thereof is a radio-photoluminescence system. The detecting element preferably comprises a single-crystal body or a sintered body of magnesium oxide, and more preferably further contains a rare-earth element such as samarium. Moreover, the radiation measuring method uses the above-described dosimeter and the dose measuring system thereof is a radio-photoluminescence system.