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Disclosed is an optical amplifier wherein a core, to which a rare earth element is added, is used as an amplification medium of an optical signal, and excitation light for having the rare earth element in the excited state is supplied via a cladding on the outer side of the core. The optical amplifier is provided with coupling means that couple the excitation light with the core mode of the core, said excitation light having been supplied to the cladding and propagated in the cladding in cladding mode. The plurality of coupling means are provided in the long axis direction of the optical amplifier.