The permanent magnets, a motor, and a generator

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The magnet has a composition expressed by R p Fe q M r Cu t Co 100-p-q-r-t . The magnet has a metallic structure including a main phase having a Th 2 Zn 17 crystal phase. The main phase has crystal grains. 5% or less of the crystal grains having a grain diameter equal to or smaller than 10 µm, and 40% or less of the crystal grains having crystal orientation perpendicular to (001) plane of the Th 2 Zn 17 crystal phase in a direction deviated 30 degrees or more relative to an axis of easy magnetization.