Production of polybutadiene, as well as, separation method

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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED : To provide a method for selectively producing polybutadiene from a mixture of 4C unsaturated hydrocarbons.SOLUTION : The method for producing polybutadiene is characterized in that polybutadiene is synthesized from a mixture containing 1, 3-butadiene and 4C unsaturated hydrocarbon other than the 1, 3-butadiene in the presence of a catalyst system comprising : a rare earth element compound or its reaction product with a Lewis base (component A); an organoaluminum compound (component B) represented by general formula (II) : AlRRR(wherein Rand Rare the same or different and represent a 1-10C hydrocarbon group or H, and Rrepresents a 1-10C hydrocarbon group, provided that Rmay be the same as or different from the above Ror R); at least one halogen compound (component C) selected from a Lewis acid, the complex compound of a metal halide and a Lewis base, and an active halogen-containing organic compound; and, optionally, aluminoxane (component D).