TRIBOLUMINESCENT MATERIAL, USE OF A Cu COMPLEX AS A TRIBOLUMINESCENT MATERIAL, MECHANORESPONSIVE S

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Triboluminescent materials that generate emission of light in response to mechanical stimulus attract significant attention due to their applications in development of "smart materials" and damage sensors. Among metal complexes, rare-earth europium and terbium complexes are most widely used, while there is no systematic data on triboluminescence in more readily available and inexpensive Cu complexes, with only a few scattered examples reported in the literature. We report a new family of photoluminescent Cu-NHC complexes that show bright triboluminescence (TL) in crystal state visible even in ambient light under air upon grinding or crushing the crystalline sample. Moreover, when these complexes are dispersed into amorphous polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films even at small concentrations, TL is easily observed. In Cu-containing polymer films, surrounding gas discharge is likely involved in excitation of brightly luminescent Cu-NHC complexes. Observation of TL in polymer films overcomes limitations of using crystalline phase for mechanoresponse and opens up possibilities for development of mechanoresponsive coatings and materials based on inexpensive metals such as Cu.