PROCESS FOR PREPARING A POLYMER BY CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF A HYDROPHOBIC MONOMER IN AQUEOUS DISPE

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The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer comprising the following steps : (a) an aqueous dispersion containing a catalyst is prepared by mixing in water : a branched surfactant (TAR); and at least one metal M having a +III degree of oxidation, M being indium or a metal from the group of rare-earth elements; (b) at least one hydrophobic monomer that can be polymerized by cationic polymerization is introduced into this mixture; (c) the monomer is polymerized; (d) a polymer is obtained; TAR consisting of a mixture of compounds of formula R1R2-C6-SO3Z in which : R1 represents a C2-C14 alkyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C2-C14 alkyl group; the total number of carbon atoms of the groups R1 and R2 is less than or equal to 14; C6 represents a ring comprising 6 carbon atoms, 3 unsaturations, and the 3 substituents SO3, R1 and R2; Z is a cation, advantageously an alkali metal; at least one of the compounds of formula R-C6-SO3Z having a C12 branched R1 or R2 group.