Separation of rare-earth elements and separation device

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Provided is a method, whereby rare earth elements can be easily separated at a high separation ratio from a mixture containing multiple kinds of rare earth elements, and a separation device for conducting the method. The method for separating rare earth elements according to the present invention, whereby multiple kinds of rare earth elements are separated, comprises : a heat treatment step for selective chlorination/oxychlorination, said step being a step for producing a chloride/oxychloride mixture containing a rare earth chloride of a rare earth element of group 1 and a rare earth oxychloride of a rare earth element of group 2 from a starting mixture containing multiple kinds of rare earth oxides and ammonium chloride, for conducting a heat treatment at a preset temperature in a non-oxidative atmosphere; a selective extraction step for putting the chloride/oxychloride mixture into a solvent, selectively dissolving the rare earth chloride in the solvent and then extracting the same in a liquid phase; and a separation step for solid-liquid separating the liquid phase having been extracted from a remaining solid phase of the rare earth oxychloride and thus separating the rare earth element of group 1 from the rare earth element of group 2.