GRAIN BOUNDARY ENGINEERING

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Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for creating magnetic material. One of the methods includes melting magnetic elements to create a molten alloy, forming cast alloy flakes that comprise 2 : 14 : 1 phase grains, pulverizing the cast alloy flakes to create a first powder while maintaining at least some of the 2 : 14 : 1 phase grains, pressing and aligning particles in the first powder to create a first compact, sintering the first compact to create a sintered compact, fragmenting the sintered compact to form a second powder while maintaining at least some of the 2 : 14 : 1 phase grains from the sintered compact, mixing the second powder with a rare earth material and an elemental additive to produce a homogeneous powder while maintaining at least some of the 2 : 14 : 1 phase grains from the second powder, and sintering and magnetizing the homogeneous powder to form an Nd-Fe-B magnetic product.