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The present invention relates to a method for producing an absorbent by using a coal mine drainage sludge, and to an absorbent for treating rare-earth mine drainage produced thereby. The absorbent for absorbing pollutants such as a radioactive material, heavy metal, or the like, and removing the same is produced by using sludge included in by-products generated when coal mine drainage is treated as a starting material, thereby reducing costs for treating sludge which is waste, preventing environmental pollution, and creating a new added value according to resource recycling of the sludge. The method for producing an absorbent by using a coal mine drainage sludge according to the present invention comprises : a first step of selecting sludge having a particle size ranging from 1 to 3 μ m through particle size separation from by-products generated when coal mine drainage is treated, and stirring and mixing the sludge, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and polyol in a weight ratio of 2 : 0.9-1.1 : 0.9-1.1; a second step of drying the mixture obtained in the first step; and a third step of processing an absorbent material dried through the second step to have a predetermined particle size.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016