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The present invention relates to a probe car-based method for automatically sensing road surface condition using polarized image and ECU information, which mounts a camera to which a polarized filter is attached on a running vehicle to acquire polarized road surface image, automatically detects the road surface condition by receiving vehicle running information produced from an ECU of the running vehicle, and measures the road surface condition of a unit road section in a moving manner using a probe car to recognize the road surface condition in real time, thus conveniently and economically measuring the real-time road surface condition and safely measuring a large road section.(S110) Outside sensor mounted on a running vehicle measures the temperature and humidity (first sensor information) of road surface(S120) ECU of the running vehicle produces vehicle running velocity information and outside temperature information (running environment information)(S130) First and second cameras (image acquiring module) to which vertical/horizontal polarized filters are attached produce a polarized road surface image by photographing the road surface(S140) Sensor information collecting module collects GPS information (second sensor information) and acceleration sensor information (third sensor information)(S150) Sensor information collecting module collects and transmits sensor information, including first to third sensor information, and the running environment information of the ECU(S160) Image processing module receives and processes the polarized road surface image information(S170) Image processing module performs a first road surface state determination based on the road surface image information using road state determination algorithm(S180) Image processing module performs a second road surface state determination based on the first sensor information using road state determination algorithm(S190) Image processing module calculates a slip rate to perform the final road surface state determination according to the running environment information and the second and third sensor informationCOPYRIGHT KIPO 2014