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[Problem] To provide a solid oxide fuel cell with which it is possible to reduce peeling of a middle layer, a fuel cell module, and a fuel cell device. [Solution] The present invention comprises a solid electrolyte layer (4), a fuel electrode layer (3) disposed on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer (4), and an oxygen electrode layer (6) disposed on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer (4). A middle layer (5) is disposed between the solid electrolyte layer (4) and the oxygen electrode layer (6) and comprises ceria particles (5a) containing a rare earth element other than cerium and ceramic particles (5b) formed from an oxide of a metal element different from the ceria particles (5a). The ceramic particles (5b) have an average particle diameter smaller than that of the ceria particles (5a) and are present at the particle boundary of the ceria particles (5a) of the middle layer (5).