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Al2O3 particles synergistically modified by rare-earth metal and phosphorus. In the total weight of the Al2O3 particles synergistically modified by rare-earth metal and phosphorus, the content of the phosphorus element accounts for 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, and the content of the rare-earth element accounts for 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%. The rare-earth metal and the phosphorus may exist in Al2O3 pores or may exist in a Al2O3 bulk phase. The present invention also relates to a preparation method for the Al2O3 particles synergistically modified by rare-earth metal and phosphorus. The present invention further relates to a catalyst, comprising precious metal and transition metal nanoparticles attached to the Al2O3 particles synergistically modified by rare-earth metal and phosphorus. The hydrothermal stability of the Al2O3 particles synergistically modified by rare-earth metal and phosphorus is good, the dispersiveness of the Al2O3 particles after active components age is obviously improved, and the Al2O3 particles have application prospects in the field of catalytic oxidation of automobile and industrial tail gas.