Method for producing high-temperature superconducting films having sharp charge doping discontinuiti

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A method includes providing a film having an initial uniform oxygen state on a substrate and annealing the film in a thermal gradient annealing device while applying a steady-state thermal gradient and a uniaxial pressure until the film comprises two or more discrete regions, where at least one of the regions has a final stabilized oxygen state different from the initial uniform oxygen state. The film is a high-temperature compound belonging to the class of compounds having a compositional form of R1−yMyBa2Cu3−zTzOx, where 6≤x≤7, where 0≤y≤1, where 0≤z≤1, where R comprises at least one of a rare earth and calcium, where M comprises at least one of a rare earth distinct from that of R and calcium if absent from R, where T comprises at least one of cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn).