PERMANENT MAGNET AND MOTOR AND GENERATOR USING THE SAME

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In an embodiment, a permanent magnet includes a composition of RpFeqZrrMsCutCo100-p-q-r-s-t (R : rare-earth element, M : at least one element selected from Ti and Hf, 10≦p≦15, 24≦q≦40.5, 1.5≦r≦4.5, 0≦s≦3, 1.5≦r+s≦4.5, and 0.8≦t≦13.5 (atomic %)). The permanent magnet has a texture including a main phase which is formed of a Th2Zn17 type crystal phase, and a grain boundary phase which has a crystal phase having a Zr concentration of from 4 atomic % or more to 35 atomic % or less.