Improved methods and compositions for vein harvest and autografting

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(57) Abstract : The leading cause of graft failure is the subsequent development of intimal hyperplasia, which represents a re- sponse to injury that is thought to involve smooth muscle proliferation, migration, phenotypic modulation, and extracellular ma- trix (ECM) deposition. Surgical techniques typically employed for vein harvest - stretching the vein, placing the vein in low pH, solutions, and the use of toxic surgical skin markers - are shown here to cause injury. The invention therefore provides for nontoxic surgical markers than also protect against stretch-induced loss of functional viability, along with other additives. Devices