Estimating a leakage flow

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The invention relates to a medical device 100 for estimating a leakage flow 160 that occurs during ventilation of a patient 120, the medical device comprising a first estimation unit 101 arranged for estimating the leakage flow in dependence on a measured airway pressure and a leakage parameter, a second estimation unit 102 arranged for estimating a patient airway flow 170 in dependence on the leakage flow and a measured ventilation flow 150, an adjustment unit 103 arranged for adjusting the leakage parameter in dependence on the patient airway flow to provide an adjusted leakage parameter, and a third estimation unit 104 arranged for re-estimating the leakage flow in dependence on the adjusted leakage parameter.