PERMANENT MAGNET AND VARIABLE MAGNETIC FLUX MOTOR AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR USING SAME

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A permanent magnet which has a composition represented by the formula : R(FepMqCur(Co1-aAa)1-p-q-r)z [wherein R is at least one element selected from among rare earth elements; M is at least one element selected from among Ti, Zr and Hf; A is at least one element selected from among Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta, and W; 0≤a≤0.2; 0.05≤p≤0.6; 0.005≤q≤0.1; 0.01≤r≤0.15; and 4≤z≤9] and which is provided with both an intragranular phase having a Th2Zn17 type crystal structure and a grain boundary phase. The mean grain diameter of the intragranular phase is 20 to 500 nm, while the average thickness of the grain boundary phase is smaller than that of the magnetic domain wall.