Permanent magnet on R-T-B base

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Provided is an R-T-B based permanent magnet including main phase grains including an R2T14B compound and a grain boundary. R is one or more rare earth elements essentially including Nd, T is Fe or Fe and Co and B is boron. the R-T-B based permanent magnet further includes X, Z and M. X is one or more selected from Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta, Z is one or more selected from C and N, M essentially includes Ga and further includes one or more selected from Al, Si, Ge, Cu, Bi and Sn. The grain boundary includes an XZ phase having a face-centered cubic structure.