Thermoelectric material having a rhombohedral crystal structure

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Thermoelectric materials with a high Seebeck coefficient and a large power factor are provided. The materials are impact resistant and resistant to heat-distortion. Such materials include a rare earth element, Bi, and Te and have a rhombohedral crystal structure. In some examples, the rare earth element is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Sm and Yb. Such materials can be formed as films with a thickness of from 0.01 to 500 μm on a resin substrate. Production methods may include laminating different types of layers of thickness of 20 nm or less and heat-treating the resultant composition-modulated composite. The material may be separated from a substrate for sintering.