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A catalytic adsorption composition for water purification containing gadolinium oxide is provided, and a water purifying method is provided to selectively adsorb and remove nitrate, fluorine ion, boron ion, arsenic ion, and sulfuric acid ion, and purify water economically and effectively by using the catalytic adsorption composition. A composition for water purification containing gadolinium oxide comprises 5 to 8 weight parts of gadolinium oxide, 2 to 4 weight parts of fire clay, and 0.03 to 0.1 weight part of a powder of CEC(Cellulose of Exchangeable Cations). A water purifying method comprises adsorbing one or more of nitrate, fluorine ion, boron ion, arsenic ion, and sulfuric acid ion by using a composition for water purification containing gadolinium oxide comprising 5 to 8 weight parts of gadolinium oxide, 2 to 4 weight parts of fire clay, and 0.03 to 0.1 weight part of a powder of CEC. A ball for water purification containing gadolinium oxide is made from a composition comprising 5 to 8 weight parts of gadolinium oxide, 2 to 4 weight parts of fire clay, and 0.03 to 0.1 weight part of a powder of CEC, and is formed in a spherical shape having a diameter of 1 to 10 mm. A preparation method of a composition for water purification containing gadolinium oxide comprises the steps of : preparing a chelate compound from a rare earth mineral containing gadolinium oxide to separate gadolinium oxide; pulverizing the separated gadolinium oxide to prepare a nano-gadolinium oxide powder; and mixing the prepared nano-gadolinium oxide powder with fire clay and a powder of CEC.