Block copolymer preparation method, block copolymers thus obtained and use thereof as compatibilize

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The invention relates to a method of preparing a block copolymer, the first block of which is a polymer or a copolymer having at least one diene and the second block of which is a polymer with a polar monomer. The inventive method is characterised in that : first, the polymerisation or the copolymerisation of the first block is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising the product of the reaction of a rare earth alcoholate and an alkylating agent selected from among organolithiums, organomagnesiums, organozincs, organoaluminiums and borons; and, secondly, the copolymerisation of the polar monomer is performed with the first block in the presence of the same catalyst. The invention also relates to a block copolymer consisting of a first block comprising a polymer or a linear copolymer having at least one diene and a second block comprising a polymer presenting several hydroxy, epoxy and/or alkoxysilyl functions. Said copolymers can be used as compatibilisers in an elastomer matrix comprising a mineral filler.