Optical amplifier

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An optical amplifier capable of holding the gain profile of the optical amplifier constant includcs a rare-earth doped optical waveguide serving as an amplification medium, a pump light source for exciting the amplification medium, one or more control light source, a monitor, and a control unit. A control method is also provided for using the amplifier for holding the gain profile of the optical amplifier constant by, for example, controlling the control light source so that the calculated gain is matched with a prescribed value or an externally decided value.