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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED : To provide a manufacturing method of magnetic powder having a minute average particle size and especially magnetic characteristics for enabling high-density magnetic recording, and to provide a magnetic recording medium.SOLUTION : A reverse micelle solution (I) formed by mixing a non-aqueous organic solvent containing a surface-active agent and a reducing agent solution, and a reverse micelle solution (II) formed by mixing a non-aqueous organic solvent containing a surface-active agent, a compound solution containing rare-earth elements, and a transition metal compound solution are mixed. A transition metal compound particle containing rare-earth elements is formed, and a reducing diffusion method is executed to the transition metal compound particle containing rare-earth elements, thus obtaining rare-earth transition metal-based alloy magnetic powder whose average particle size is 5-15 nm. Then, a nitride is subjected to a nitriding reaction. The magnetic recording medium has a magnetic layer containing the magnetic powder and a binder on a nonmagnetic support.