A magnetic circuit, a permanent magnet for generating a magnetic field in the axial direction

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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED : To provide a magnetic circuit of permanent magnet for generating a magnetic field in the axial direction which has a necessary and sufficient length by preventing reverse of the magnetic field in the axial direction inside a cavity. SOLUTION : A cylindrical magnetic material is formed by only multiple ring-shaped rare-earth permanent magnets or by the permanent magnets and a ring-shaped outer magnetic yoke 40 to constitute a magnetic circuit of permanent magnet. The direction of magnetization of the ring-shaped magnets is gradually changed in the axial direction continuously or discretely from one end 11 toward the other end 21 so that the direction of magnetization may make one turn between both ends.