A chemical conversion film on the metal surface and a method for the same

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A process and an aqueous, acidic solution for forming a rare earth element containing coating on the surface of a metal, said solution including effective quantities of : (a) one or more rare earth element containing species including at least one rare earth element capable of having more than one higher valence state, as herein defined; and (b) one or more additives selected from the groups including : i) aqueous metal complexes including at least one peroxo ligand; and ii) metal salts or aqueous metal complexes of a conjugate base of an acid in which the metals are selected from Transition Elements and Group IVA elements of the Periodic Table as herein defined.