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A chemical process for treating the surface of a piston ring to reduce its surface friction includes immersing piston ring in machine oil, heating to 220-250 °C, adding the following components to form a mixture : alkali-metal carbonate0.15-0.50wt%alkali-metal nitrite0.15-0.50wt%alkali-metal chloride0.10-0.30wt%alkali-metal nitrate0.50-1.2wt%acidic manganese phosphate0.40-1.1wt%Ce-containing rare-earth metal powder0.30-0.90wt%machine oilrest, the contents of above components are based on the total weight of the whole solid additives and machine oil, then maintaining said temperature for 10-24 hours, cooling to 50°C and taking out the piston ring. The invention can be used to improve various piston rings of the cylinder including engines such as gasoline engine and diesel engine, as well air compressors etc. The process can obviously improve the work efficiency of the piston ring and the cylinder and prolong the operational life of the whole cylinder. It can not only save fuel but also reduce exhaust pollution from vehicles and air compressors, which results in good prospect in industry.