Permanent magnet and rotating machine including the same

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A permanent magnet having a periodic structure with the concentrations of Fe and T (T is one or more transition metal elements with Co or Ni as necessity) changing alternately, wherein, the concentrations change with a period of 3.3 nm or less and the concentration difference of Fe in the concentration change is 5 at % or more. The permanent magnet has a high saturation magnetization Is and coercivity HcJ and can be prepared even without rare earth element(s) R.