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FIELD : medicine. SUBSTANCE : circulating cancer cells are isolated or extracted from a biological sample by vertical filtration through a filter with a pore size between 3 and 100 mcm that allows free circulating tumour rare cells to be retained, but does not prevent passage of smaller cells through the filter. The isolated cells are analyzed by cytomorphology, molecular analysis or DNA and/or RNA analysis. The results of determination are used to diagnose invasive cancer, to select targeted treatment and to monitor development of drug resistance. EFFECT : non-invasive biological sample test for early diagnosis of invasive cancer in patients with suspected malignant tumours. 20 cl, 4 tbl, 3 dwg, 4 ex