The permanent magnet, the permanent magnet motor, generator, and vehicle

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In one embodiment, a permanent magnet includes : a composition expressed by R p Fe q M r Cu s CO 100-p-q-r-s (R is a rare-earth element, M is at least one element selected from Zr, Ti, and Hf, 10 ‰¤ p ‰¤ 13.5 at%, 25 ‰¤ q ‰¤ 40 at%, 1.35 ‰¤ r ‰¤ 1.75 at%, and 0.88 ‰¤ s ‰¤ 13.5 at%); and a metallic structure including Th 2 Zn 17 crystal phases each having a Fe concentration of 25 at% or more, and Cu-rich crystal phases each having a Cu concentration of from 25 at% to 70 at%. An average thickness of the Cu-rich crystal phases is 20 nm or less, and an average distance between the Cu-rich crystal phases is 200 nm or less.