Multicomponent catalytic system, process for preparing same and isoprene polymerization process usi

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A multicomponent preformed catalytic system based at least : on isoprene; on a rare earth metal salt of an organic phosphoric acid or of a carboxylic acid; on a saturated or unsaturated inert hydrocarbon solvent, the boiling point of which is below 40° C. at atmospheric pressure; on an alkylating agent consisting of a specific trialkylaluminium; andon a halogen donor consisting of an alkylaluminium halide. This catalytic system comprises the rare earth metal in a concentration greater than or equal to 0.005 mol/l. The catalytic system makes possible polymerizing isoprene, with a good catalytic activity, in solution in a volatile hydrocarbon solvent while benefiting from the economic advantage linked to a volatile solvent process, which is also a subject of the invention. The diene elastomers obtained have a high content of cis-1, 4 linkages.