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The present invention is to provide a sialon sintered body and a cutting insert having breakage resistance, VB wear resistance and boundary wear resistance. The sialon sintered body includes a ²-sialon (S 16-Z Al z O z N 8-Z ), and at least one polytype sialon selected from a group consisting of 12H-sialon, 15R-sialon, and 21 R-sialon, wherein a Z value is 0.4 or greater and 1.0 or less, a proportion of a total of peak intensities of each polytype sialon to a total of peak intensities of each sialon, which is obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, is 10% or greater and 50% or less, the sialon sintered body includes at least one rare earth element B selected from a group consisting of La and Ce, and at least one rare earth element C selected from a group consisting of Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and Lu, a molar ratio of the rare earth element B and the rare earth element C is 1.0 : 0.06 to 1.0 : 3.5 in terms of an oxide, and a total content of the rare earth element B and the rare earth element C is 0.8 mol% or greater and 4.0 mol% or less in terms of an oxide.