The permanent magnet flux motor and generator and using the same

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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED : To provide a permanent magnet that is excellent in magnetic flux density and coercive force in comparison with a conventional variable magnet, has coercive force lower than that of a conventional Sm-Co-based magnet and can be used as the variable magnet.SOLUTION : A permanent magnet has a composition represented by R(FeMCu(CoA)), where R represents rare earth elements, M represents at least one element selected from Ti, Zr and Hf, A represents at least one element selected from Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta and W, 0≤a≤0.2, 0.05≤p≤0.6, 0.005≤q≤0.1, 0.01≤r≤0.15 and 4≤z≤9, and comprises a grain internal phase and a grain boundary phase having a ThZntype crystal phase. A ratio of an M concentration (M2) of an area where the M concentration is maximum to an M concentration (M1) of an area where the M concentration is minimum is 2 or less when the M concentration of an area with a radius of 2 nm in a cross section including a c-axis of the crystal phase is measured.