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Provided is a method for producing a transparent sesquioxide sintered body so that a transparent M2O3-type sesquioxide sintered body equal in quality to those that are actually used is produced through a stable procedure. A powder including particles of the oxide of at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, and lanthanoid and particles of Zr oxide is produced as a raw material powder. In terms of the particle size distribution of the particles of the oxide of the rare-earth element or in terms of the particle size distribution of secondary particles when the particles of the oxide of the rare-earth element are cohered and the secondary particles are produced, the measured value of D_2.5 is in the range of 180 to 2000 nm, wherein the D_2.5 refers to the accumulated particle weight which is 2.5% based on the total particle weight with respect to the minimum particle size. The raw material powder is sintered after being pressed and molded into a fixed shape so that a transparent M2O3-type sesquioxide sintered body is produced (M is at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, and lanthanoid).[Reference numerals] (AA) Y2O3-type A; (BB) Frequency; (CC) Diameter; (DD) Cumulative probabilityCOPYRIGHT KIPO 2014