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Provided is a process for the production of an Eu-activated alkaline earth metal silicate phosphor wherein the ratio of the total number of constituent metal atoms (Sr, Ba, Eu, Si) to the number of constituent Si atoms is 4 : 1 or 3 : 1. According to the process, a precursor having a uniform chemical composition can be synthesized at a lower temperature than that of a conventional process, and a single-phase Eu-activated alkaline earth metal silicate phosphor that has a uniform chemical composition and exhibits high luminance can be efficiently produced at a low cost by heat-treating the precursor. A process for the production of an Eu-activated alkaline earth metal silicate phosphor, characterized by including a step (1) of preparing aqueous solutions that contain the constituent metal components, namely, strontium, barium, europium, and silicon respectively, mixing the aqueous solutions together, and keeping the resulting mixture at a solution temperature of 30 to 100°C to form a transparent gel wherein all the metal components are dispersed uniformly and completely.