Active material for battery and method of preparing the same

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An active material for a battery has a surface-treatment layer including a compound of the formula (1) : MXOk     (1) wherein M is at least one element selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, and a rare-earth element, X is an element capable of forming a double bond with oxygen, and k is a numerical value in the range of 2 to 4, and a solid-solution compound including elements M and X, e.g. an oxide comprising Li, M, X and Co. The surface treatment layer is formed on a base material selected from the group consisting of a lithium containing metal oxide an a lithium containing chalcogenide compound.