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Provided are a silicate-based fluorescent material having excellent fluorescence intensity and a process for producing the fluorescent material. The process for producing a silicate-based fluorescent material is characterized by introducing into a vessel a starting-material powder comprising a compound containing at least one luminescent ion selected from Eu, Ce, Mn, and Tb and burning the starting-material powder while supplying gaseous SiOx (0.5≤x≤1.9, preferably 0.8≤x≤1.2). The starting-material powder preferably further contains at least one of alkali metal compounds, alkaline-earth metal compounds, magnesium compounds, and rare-earth compounds. The silicate-based fluorescent material preferably is M2SiO4 : Eu2+ (wherein M is one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba). Preferably, the burning is conducted in such a manner that SiOx is supplied to the starting-material powder in a gaseous atmosphere having a temperature of 1, 200-1, 700ºC and the starting-material powder is caused to undergo a gas-solid reaction at a temperature of 700-1, 700ºC.