Single step gas phase flame synthesis method to produce sub-10 nanometer sized rare earth doped nano

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Methods for forming rare earth element doped oxide, oxyhalide and oxysulfide activated nanoparticles by the following method steps : (a) providing a precursor solution of a water- or alcohol-soluble host metal salt or host metalloid compound and one or more water- or alcohol-soluble rare earth element salts in a polar solution; (b) forming an aerosol of the precursor solution and oxygen; (c) feeding the aerosol to a heated Laval tube(d) igniting the aerosol with a reactive gas flame at the apex of the Laval tube to pyrolyze the salts; and(e) expanding and cooling the pyrolysis gases emerging from the Laval tube so that rare earth element doped nanoparticles precipitate therefrom; wherein one or more of the aerosol particle size, flow rate through the Laval tube and pyrolysis temperature are selected to provide a predetermined particle size and degree of crystallinity without particle aggregation. Rare earth element doped oxide, oxyhalide and oxysulfide activated mono-disperse nanoparticles are also disclosed.