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Disclosed is a pretreatment method for improving antioxidation of steel T91/P91 in high temperature water vapour, which comprises applying a slurry, including rare earth oxide, on a substrate, wherein the slurry is composed of rare earth oxide powder, aluminum powder and a binder; holding the temperature at 600-800℃ in a gas mixture environment of inert gas and water vapour for 24-48 hours after drying; cleaning away the solid powder left by the slurry on the surface, and obtaining the substrate with a surface rich in chromium and having a small amount of rare earth oxide.