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The present invention relates to a process for vapor-depositing zirconium dioxide on ceramic or metallic substrates, and the heat-insulating layers obtainable by such process. In particular, the invention relates to a process for vapor-depositing zirconium dioxide, optionally doped with rare-earth metal oxides or mixtures of such oxides, on ceramic or metallic substrates in a range of substrate temperatures of from 600 to 1550 DEG C. while the substrate is continuously rotated at a speed in the range of from 1 to 300 rpm, characterized in that, following the nucleation phase, the rotational speed and the temperature are adjusted to a range defined by the equations : where T represents the substrate temperature in DEG K, and omega represents the rotational speed of the substrate in rpm, wherein the rotational speed is varied continuously or discontinuously, or alternatively in alternating senses of rotation.