Method and apparatus to determine characteristics of an oil based mud downhole

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A laser spectroscopy system can determine the identity and/or quantity of a component of a fluid at a remote location such as downhole in a wellbore or inside a pipeline, particularly at high temperature, e.g. from about 75 to 175°C. The system in cludes a fiber laser doped with a rare earth element (e.g. Nd3+, Tm3+, Er3+, Th3+, Ho3+, Yb3+, Pr3+) and generates light in a wavelength between about 900 to about 3000 nm. The system may analyze a drilling mud such as an oil based mud or crude oil, and may detect components such as methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like.