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A method for preparing a diene elastomer, such as a butadiene homopolymer or copolymer, in particular, a polybutadiene, with a high level of cis-1, 4 linkages that has both a Mooney viscosity greater than or equal to 40 and a polydispersity index of less than 2.1. The method comprises a reaction of a catalyst system with at least one conjugated diene monomer to be polymerized and the catalyst system is based on at least : optionally one preforming conjugated diene; one salt of one or more rare earth metals; an inert hydrocarbon-based solvent;
an alkylating agent comprising an allyl derivative of aluminum of formula R″nAlR′3-n, where R′ is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or else a hydride, where R″ is an allyl group and where n is an integer inclusively between 1 and 3; and a halogen donor that belongs to the family of alkylaluminum halides, excluding alkylaluminum sesquihalides.