An all-optical variable optical attenuator

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An all-optical variable optical attenuator is provided to widen an optical attenuation range at low pump light intensity by using a long period grating pair. An all-optical variable optical attenuator has a long period grating pair having a non-linear optical fiber formed in a predetermined pattern. A core layer of the non-linear optical fiber contains semiconductor particles of nanometer size, metal particles of nanometer size, or rare-earth element. The semiconductor particle is selected from a group consisting of PbTe(Lead Telluride), PbS(Lead Sulfide), PbSe(Lead Selenide), SnTe(Tin Telluride), CuCl(Copper Chloride), CdS(Cadmium Sulfide), and CdSe(Cadmium Selenide). The metal particle is selected from a group consisting of Au(Gold), Ag(Silver), and Cu(Copper). The rare-earth element is selected from a group consisting of Er(Erbium), Nd(Neodymium), Yb(Ytterbium), Tb(Terbium), Pr(Praseodymium), Eu(Europium), Dy(Dysprosium), Tm(Thulium), Ho(Holmium), and Sm(Samarium).