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This invention is related to the recycling of rare earths, and more particularly to the recovery of rare earths such as yttrium and europium from end-of-life fluorescent lamps. A new process is described to selectively recover the most valuable components of waste lamp phosphor powder. By means of an ionic liquid, the red phosphor Y2O3 : Eu3+ (YOX) can be selectively dissolved without affecting the other components in the waste fraction. Of particular interest is the possibility to dissolve Y2O3 : Eu3+ (YOX) without bringing the halophosphate phosphor in solution.