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Provided is a composite material for fuel cells which prevents decreased ion conduction performance of the solid electrolyte layer in the case of simultaneously firing an electrolyte-anode laminate body, and can improve power generation performance of the fuel cell. This composite material (1) for fuel cells is configured having a solid electrolyte layer (3) and an anode layer (2) laminated on the solid electrolyte layer. The solid electrolyte layer is configured from an ion conductive body in which the A-sites in the perovskite structure comprise barium (Ba) and/or strontium (Sr), and some of the positive tetravalent ions at the B-sites are substituted with trivalent rare earth elements. The anode layer is configured to contain an electrolyte component of the same composition as the solid electrolyte layer, and a nickel (Ni) catalyst, and is configured to contain a rare earth element-containing additive at least in the area bordering the solid electrolyte layer.