Negative active material for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including

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A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a matrix including an Si-X based alloy, where X is not Si and is selected from alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, transition elements, rare earth elements, or combinations thereof; silicon dispersed in the matrix; and oxygen in the negative active material, the oxygen being included at 20 at% or less based on the total number of atoms in the negative active material. A rechargeable lithium battery includes the negative active material.