METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ENHANCING CONTAMINANT REMOVAL BY RARE EARTHS.

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Embodiments are provided for removing a variety of contaminants using both rare earth and non-rare earth-containing treatment elements. In one embodiment, the downstream treatment element is the rare earth-containing treatment element, the upstream treatment element is the non-rare earth-containing treatment element, the interferer comprises one or more of the following : PO4(3-), C03(2-), Si03(2-), bicarbonate, vanadate, and a halogen, and the target material is one or more of a chemical agent, a colorant, a dyo intermediate, a biological material, an organic carbon, a microbe, an oxyanion, and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the downstream treatment element is the non-rare earth-containing treatment element, the upstream treatment element is the rare earth- containing treatment element, and the interferer and target material are each one or more of a chemical agent, a colorant, a dye intermediate, a biological material, an organic carbon, a microbe, an oxyanion, a halogen, a halide compound, and mixtures thereof.