Orange-red persistent phosphors

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Orange-red phosphors activated by europium and rare earth ions of formula I and formula II are long persistent, stable, and non-toxic [in-line-formulae]M1F2-M1S : Eu2+, Ln3+  (I)[/in-line-formulae][in-line-formulae]M23M32O5X2 : inside or outside Eu2+, Ln3+  (II)[/in-line-formulae] wherein M1 is Ba, Sr, Ca, Zn, Mg, or a combination thereof; M2 is Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Zn, or a combination thereof; M3 is Al, Ga, B, In, or a combination thereof; X is F, Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof; andLn is Dy, Yb, Tm, Er, Ho, Sm, Nd, or a combination thereof.