Modification of metal-handling in plants

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(57) Abstract : The present invention relates to nucleic acid fragments encoding amino acid sequences for metal-handling enzymes, such as copper chaperones, high affinity potassium transporters, metallothioneins, aluminium-stress induced proteins, cadmium re- sistance proteins, copper transporting ATPases, blue copper binding proteins, copper transporters, cadmium induced proteins, zinc transporters, zinc binding proteins and phytochelatin synthases, from rye grass(Lolium) and fescue (Festuca) and the use thereof for modifying metal handling in plants, including modification of plant heavy metal detoxification; modification of plant tolerance to metals such as copper, zinc, cadmium and aluminium; modification of plant capacity for accumulation or hyper-accumulation of metals such as cadmium; modification of plant intracellular metal trall]cking pathways such as intracellular copper delivery sys terns for the delivery of copper to ethylene receptors and transport of copper from senescing leaves; modification of plant uptake of nutrients such as potassium, zinc, manganese and copper; modification of plant capacity of essential heavy metal homeostasis; odification of plant metabolism and/or development associated with heavy metals; and modification of plant responses to toxic or suboptimal levels of metals.